Stem cell therapies in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and stroke

DOI

10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.002

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Date

3-1-2017

Publication Title

Ageing Research Reviews

Volume

34

First Page

39

Last Page

50

ISSN

15681637

Keywords

Aging, Neurodegenerative diseases, Plasticity, Self-renew, Stem cell, Stroke

Abstract

Aging, a complex process associated with various structural, functional and metabolic changes in the brain, is an important risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. These diseases share similar neuropathological changes, such as the formation of misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, loss of neurons and synapses, dysfunction of the neurovascular unit (NVU), reduction of self-repair capacity, and motor and/or cognitive deficiencies. In addition to gray matter dysfunction, the plasticity and repair capacity of white matter also decrease with aging and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Aging not only renders patients more susceptible to these disorders, but also attenuates their self-repair capabilities. In addition, low drug responsiveness and intolerable side effects are major challenges in the prevention and treatment of senile diseases. Thus, stem cell therapies—characterized by cellular plasticity and the ability to self-renew—may be a promising strategy for aging-related brain disorders. Here, we review the common pathophysiological changes, treatments, and the promises and limitations of stem cell therapies in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.

Open Access

Green Accepted

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